Key Concepts:
- What is matter? What is force? What is work?
- What is energy? What kinds of energy are there ?
- What are the Newton's Laws of Motion?
- What is Copernican Revolution and why is that important?
- What are the Kepler's laws of planetary motion? What can
we learn from them?
Matter, Force, and Energy
- Matter
- What is "matter"?
- Greeks (Democritus' atoms)
- your chair (or hair) --> molecules --> atoms --> nucleons (protons, electrons) --> "quarks" --> "superstrings"?
- Force
- gravity --> mass
- electro-magnetic force --> charges
- weak/strong force --> neutrons, protons
- Work = force (F) x distance
- Q: If you push against a wall with all your might and the wall does not budge, have done any work?
- Energy = "capacity to do work"
- Potential Energy
- gravity: gravitational potential energy (e.g. hydroelectric dam)
- electro-magnetic: electric and chemical energy (e.g. battery)
- weak/strong force: nuclear energy (e.g. Homer Simpson)
Mass energy: 
- Kinetic Energy: energy of motion (includes thermal or heat energy)
- Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy.
- Radiative Energy: energy carried by light
Newton's Laws of Motion
A body remains at rest or in uniform motion in
a straight line unless it is made to change that state by forces acting
on it.
- Inertia = tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion
- Mass = a measure of the amount of material in an object;
a measure of inertia
Newton's Second Law of Motion
A net force is need to change the velocity
of an object.
